NCERT Solutions for Class 11th: Ch 2 Collection of Data Statistics for Economics
Page No: 20Exercises
1. Frame at least four appropriate multiple-choice options for following questions:
(i) Which of the following is the most important when you buy a new dress?
Answer
(a) Colour
(b) Price
(c) Brand
(d) Quality of cloth
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(ii) How often do you use computers?
Answer
(a) Colour
(b) Price
(c) Brand
(d) Quality of cloth
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(ii) How often do you use computers?
Answer
(a) Everyday
(b) 6 times a week
(c) 4 times a week
(d) 2 times a week
(iii) Which of the following newspaper/s do you read regularly?
(a) Everyday
(b) 6 times a week
(c) 4 times a week
(d) 2 times a week
(iii) Which of the following newspaper/s do you read regularly?
Answer
(a) The Times o India
(b) The Hindu
(c) Indian Express
(d) Any other
(iv) Rise in the price of petrol is justified.
Answer
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Don't Know(d) None of the above
(v) What is the monthly income of your family?
Answer
(a) Less than Rs 10,000
(b) Rs 10,000 to Rs 20,000
(c) Rs 20,000 to Rs 30,000
(d) More than Rs 30,000
2. Frame five two-way questions (with 'Yes' or 'No').
(a) Less than Rs 10,000
(b) Rs 10,000 to Rs 20,000
(c) Rs 20,000 to Rs 30,000
(d) More than Rs 30,000
2. Frame five two-way questions (with 'Yes' or 'No').
Answer
(i) Do you own car?
(ii) Do you smoke?
(iii) Do you own two-wheeler?
(iv) Have you visited any foreign country?
(v) Are you satisfied with your present income?
3.
(i) There are many sources of data (true/false).
► False
(ii) Telephone survey is the most suitable method of collecting data, when the population is literate and spread over a large area (true/false).
► False
(iii) Data collected by investigator is called the secondary data (true/false).
► False► False
(ii) Telephone survey is the most suitable method of collecting data, when the population is literate and spread over a large area (true/false).
► False
(iii) Data collected by investigator is called the secondary data (true/false).
(iv) There is a certain bias involved in the non-random selection of samples (true/false).
► True
(v) Non-sampling errors can be minimised by taking large samples (true/ false).
► False
4. What do you think about the following questions. Do you find any problem with these questions? If yes, how?
(i) How far do you live from the closest market?
Answer
The question is not clear. The question can't clarify how to show distance.
(ii) If plastic bags are only 5 percent of our garbage, should it be banned?
Answer
The question is too long which discourages people to answer also it gives a clue about how the respondent should answer..
(iii) Wouldn't you be opposed to increase in price of petrol?
Answer
The question contains two negatives which creates confusion to the respondents and may lead to biased response.
(iv) (a) Do you agree with the use of chemical fertilisers?
(b) Do you use fertilisers in your fields?
(c) What is the yield per hectare in your field?
Answer
The order of question is incorrect. First, general questions should be asked then specific. The correct order should be:
(i) What is the yield per hectare in your field?
(ii) Do you use fertilisers in your fields?
(iii) Do you agree with the use of chemical fertilisers?
5. You want to research on the popularity of Vegetable Atta Noodles among children. Design a suitable questionnaire for collecting this information.
Answer
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name: ........................
Age: ..........
Sex: ☐ Male ☐ Female
1. Do you eat Noodles?
☐ Yes ☐ No
2. Do you like Vegetable Atta Noodles more than other snacks?
☐ Yes ☐ No
3. How many packets do you consume in one month?
☐ Less than 2 ☐ Less than 5 ☐ More than 5
4. Do you prefer Atta noodles over Maida noodles?
☐ Yes ☐ No
5. Which vegetable according to you should be added in present Atta noodles?
...................................................................
6. When do you prefer to have Vegetable Atta Noodles?
☐ Breakfast ☐ Lunch ☐ Evening Snacks ☐ Dinner
7. Do your parents accompany you while having noodles?
☐ Yes ☐ No
6. In a village of 200 farms, a study was conducted to find the cropping pattern. Out of the 50 farms surveyed, 50% grew only wheat. Identify the population and the sample here.
Answer
Population or the Universe in statistics means totality of the items under study. So, the population here is 200 farms.
Sample refers to a group or section of the population from which information is to be obtained. Out of 200 farms, only 50 farms are selected for survey. Therefore, the sample population is 50 farms.7. Give two examples each of sample, population and variable.
Answer
Example 1: A study was conducted to know the average income of people in a village. The total number of person was 750. Out of these, 70 villagers selected and their average income was recorded. So, in this example:
(i) Population is the number of total villagers which is equal to 750.
(ii) Sample is the 70 villagers whose average income was recorded.
(iii) Variable under study is the income of the villagers.
Example 2: In order to study the to record the level of sugar in the blood, blood sample of 1000 people was taken from 10,000 people. So, in this example
(i) Population is the total number of people i.e., 10,000.
(ii) Sample is the 1000 people.
(iii) Variable is the sugar level.
8. Which of the following methods give better results and why?
(a) Census
(b) Sample
Answer
Sample Method gives better results than the Census Method as:
→ Less time consuming: It requires a lot of time to conduct census as evry record have to obtain while sample can be done in lesser time.
→ Economically feasible: The cost of approaching each individual unit for interrogation and collection of data is comparatively lower due to small size of sample.
→ Accuracy- Although census method provides more accurate and reliable results as compared to the sample method but in the sample method the errors can be easily located and rectified in the sampling methods due to the smaller number of items. → Lesser Non-sampling Errors- The probability of Non-sampling Errors is also low as the sample size is smaller as compared to that of the Census Method.
9. Which of the following errors is more serious and why?
(a) Sampling error
(b) Non-Sampling error
Answer
Non-sampling errors are more serious than sampling errors because a sampling error can be minimised by taking a larger sample. It is difficult to minimise non-sampling error, even by taking a large sample as it use of faulty means of collection of data.
10. Suppose there are 10 students in your class. You want to select three out of them. How many samples are possible?
Answer
We have to use combinations to determine the number of samples which are possible. The formula for the number of such combination is
nCr = n!/(n-r)!r!
where n! = n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3).....(3)(2)(1)
(Note: 0! = 1)
Therefore the answer will be 10C3 = (10 × 9 × 8)/(3 × 2 × 1) = 720/6 = 120
Number of samples possible = 120
11. Discuss how you would use the lottery method to select 3 students out of 10 in your class?
Answer
Make ten paper slips with name of each student of equal size. Now, there are ten cards available. Mix them well. Now draw three slips at random without replacement one by one. By this method we can select three students.
Number of samples possible = 120
11. Discuss how you would use the lottery method to select 3 students out of 10 in your class?
Answer
Make ten paper slips with name of each student of equal size. Now, there are ten cards available. Mix them well. Now draw three slips at random without replacement one by one. By this method we can select three students.
12. Does the lottery method always give you a random sample? Explain.
Answer
Yes, the lottery method always gives a random sample if it is used in the proper manner without any bias. In a random sample, each individual unit has an equal chance of getting selected. Similarly, in a lottery method, each individual unit is selected at random from the population and thereby has equal opportunity of getting selected.
13. Explain the procedure of selecting a random sample of 3 students out of 10 in your class, by using random number tables.
Answer
For selecting a random sample of 3 students out of 10 by random number tables we consult one digit random numbers and we will skip random numbers greater than value 10 as it the largest serial number. We have other 9 one digit numbers. Thus, the 3 selected students out of 10 are with serial numbers 5,9,2.
14. Do samples provide better results than surveys? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer
Sample gives provide better results than surveys because
→ A sample can provide reasonably reliable and accurate information at a lower cost and shorter time.
→ As samples are smaller than population, more detailed information can be collected by conducting intensive enquiries.
→ Sample need a smaller team of enumerators, it is easier to train them and supervise their work more effectively.
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