Extra Questions for Class 10th: Ch 4 The Making of Global World History Social Studies (S.St) Important Questions Answer Included
Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs):Answer
Hunger and Poverty were common in Europe until the nineteenth century.
(Para – 2, Page No. 80)
2. Which disease proved deadly killer for America’s original inhabitants?
Answer
The disease named smallpox proved deadly killer for America’s original inhabitants.
(Para – 6, Page No. 79)
3. What is meant by ‘Corn Laws’?
Answer
The laws allowing the government to do this were commonly known as the ‘Corn Laws’.
(Para – 5, Page No. 81)
4. What do you mean by ‘Indentured Labour’?
Answer
Indentured Labour is a bonded labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time, to pay off his passage to a new country or home.
The disease named smallpox proved deadly killer for America’s original inhabitants.
(Para – 6, Page No. 79)
3. What is meant by ‘Corn Laws’?
Answer
The laws allowing the government to do this were commonly known as the ‘Corn Laws’.
(Para – 5, Page No. 81)
4. What do you mean by ‘Indentured Labour’?
Answer
Indentured Labour is a bonded labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time, to pay off his passage to a new country or home.
(New Words, Page No. 87)
5. What happened after the Corn Laws were abolished?
Answer
After the Corn Laws were abolished, food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the country.
(Para – 6, Page No. 81)
6. What was Rinderpest?
Answer
Rinderpest is a fast-spreading disease of cattle plague that had a terrifying impact on people’s livelihoods and the local economy in Africa during 1890s.
(Para – 1, Page No. 86)
7. What does the flow of labour mean?
5. What happened after the Corn Laws were abolished?
Answer
After the Corn Laws were abolished, food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the country.
(Para – 6, Page No. 81)
6. What was Rinderpest?
Answer
Rinderpest is a fast-spreading disease of cattle plague that had a terrifying impact on people’s livelihoods and the local economy in Africa during 1890s.
(Para – 1, Page No. 86)
7. What does the flow of labour mean?
Answer
The flow of labour mean the migration of people in search of employment.
(Para – 2, Page No. 81)
8. What do you mean by G-77?
Answer
G-77 was a group formed by the developing countries to demand a new international economic order.
(Para – 6, Page No. 100)
The flow of labour mean the migration of people in search of employment.
(Para – 2, Page No. 81)
8. What do you mean by G-77?
Answer
G-77 was a group formed by the developing countries to demand a new international economic order.
(Para – 6, Page No. 100)
9. On what the Bretton Woods system was based on?
Answer
Bretton Woods system was based on fixed exchange rates. In this system, national currencies, for example the Indian rupee, was pegged to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate. The dollar itself was anchored to gold at a fixed price of $35 per ounce of gold.
(Para – 1, Page No. 101)
10. What is meant by the term ‘Tariff’?
Answer
Tariff is a tax imposed on a country’s imports from the rest of the world. These are levied at the point of entry, i.e., at the border or the airport.
(New Words, Page No. 100)
Answer
Bretton Woods system was based on fixed exchange rates. In this system, national currencies, for example the Indian rupee, was pegged to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate. The dollar itself was anchored to gold at a fixed price of $35 per ounce of gold.
(Para – 1, Page No. 101)
10. What is meant by the term ‘Tariff’?
Answer
Tariff is a tax imposed on a country’s imports from the rest of the world. These are levied at the point of entry, i.e., at the border or the airport.
(New Words, Page No. 100)
Short Answer Questions (SAQs):
1. ‘Silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.’ Examine the Statement.
Answer
(i) Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa.
(ii) Chinese pottery also travelled the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia.
(iii) In return, precious metals such as gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia.
(Para – 1, Page No. 78)
2. Mention any three effects of the British Government’s decision for the abolition of the Corn Laws.
Answer
(i) Food could be imported into Britain at much cheaper rate than it would be produced within the country.
(ii) British agriculture was unable to compete with imports. Vast areas of land were left uncultivated and people started migrating to cities or other countries.
(iii) As food prices fell, consumption in Britain rose. Faster industrial growth in Britain also led to higher incomes and therefore more food imports.
(Para – 6, Page No. 81| Para – 1, Page No. 82)
3. ‘Nineteenth Century indenture has been described as a new system of slavery.’ Explain any three points.
Answer
(i) Agents did convince migrants by providing false information about final destinations, modes of travel, the nature of the work, and living and working conditions.
(ii) Sometimes agents even forcibly abducted less willing migrants.
(iii) On arrival at the plantations, labourers found living and working conditions harsh, and there were few legal rights.
(Para – 2 and 3, Page No. 88)
4. In what ways did food items offer scope for long distance cultural exchange? Explain.
Answer
(i) Traders and travellers introduced new crops to the lands they travelled.
(ii) It is believed that noodles travelled west from China to become spaghetti.
(iii) Arabs traders took pasta to fifth-century Sicily, an island now in Italy.
(iv) Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes and so on were not known to our ancestors and were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas.
(Para – 3 and 4, Page No. 78)
5. Why were Europeans attracted to Africa in the late 19th century? Give any three reasons.
Answer
(i) Europeans were attracted due to the resources of land and minerals of Africa.
(ii) They came to Africa to establish plantations and exploit mines.
(iii) African countries were militarily weak and backward. So, it was easy to conquer them.
(Para – 3, Page No. 86)
6. State three reasons why Europeans fled to America in the 19th century.
Answer
(i) Poverty and hunger were common in Europe.
(ii) Cities were crowded and deadly diseases were widespread.
(iii) Religious conflicts were common, and religious dissenters were persecuted.
(Para – 2, Page No. 80)
Long Answer Questions (LAQs):
1. Explain the effects of the Great Depression of 1929 on the United States.
Answer
(i) With the fall in prices and the prospect of a depression, the US banks also slashed domestic lending and called back loans.
(ii) Farmers were unable to sell their harvests.
(iii) Faced with falling income, many households in the US could not repay what they had borrowed, and were forced to give up their homes, cars and other consumer durables.
(v) Many factories closed down due to lack of work. Between 1929 and 1932, about 1,10,000 companies had collapsed.
(vi) Workers were thrown out of employment. As a result, unemployment, hunger and poverty increased. In USA, the number of unemployed rose to 10 million.
(vii) Banks were unable to recover investments, collect loans and repay depositors. Thousands of banks became bankrupt. By 1933, nearly 4000 banks were shut down.
(Subtopic - The Great Depression, Page No. 95 and 96)
2. Explain how did the abolition of Corn Laws in Britain led to the emergence of a global agricultural economy?
Answer
(i) After the Corn Laws were scrapped, food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the country.
(ii) As food prices fell, consumption in Britain rose. From the mid-nineteenth century, faster industrial growth in Britain also led to higher incomes, and therefore more food imports.
(iii) In Eastern Europe, Russia, America and Australia, lands were cleared and food production expanded to meet the British demand.
(iv) To meet the needs of transportation and housing, capital flowed from financial centres such as London.
(v) Thus by 1890, a global agricultural economy had taken shape, accompanied by complex changes in labour movement patterns, capital flows, ecologies and technology.
(vi) Food no longer came from a nearby village or town, but from thousands of miles away and grown by an agricultural worker.
(Subtopic - A World Economy Takes Shape, Page No. 81, 82 and 83)
3. What was Rinderpest? How did it adversely affect the lives and fortunes of the Africans?
Answer
Rinderpest was a fast-spreading disease of cattle plague which had a terrifying impact on people’s livelihoods and the local economy of Africa. It affected the Africans in following ways:
(i) Rinderpest moved like forest fire.
(ii) Along the way, rinderpest killed 90 percent of the cattle.
(iii) The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihoods. Thus, they were forced to work for wages.
(iv) Control over the scarce resource of cattle enabled European colonisers to conquer and subdue Africa.
(Subtopic - Rinderpest, or the Cattle Plague, Page No. 86 and 87)
HOTS:
1. What were the steps taken by the British in west Punjab to meet their food requirements?
Answer
(i) The British Government built a network of irrigation canals to convert semi-desert wastelands into fertile agricultural areas where wheat and cotton could be grown for export.
(ii) The 'canal colonies' were settled by the farmers from other parts of Punjab.