Extra Questions for Class 10th: Ch 5 Age of Industrialisation History Social Studies (S.St) Important Questions Answer Included
Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs):Answer
To eliminate any competition from outside.
(Para – 5, Page No. 116)
2. Where was the first cotton mill set up in India?
Answer
Bombay in 1854.
(Para – 1, Page No. 118)
3. Where were most of the large scale industries located in 1911?
Answer
Bengal and Bombay.
(Para – 5, Page No. 119)
4. Who worked for industrialists to get new recruits?
Answer
Jobber.
(Para – 1, Page No. 120)
5. Which industry followed the cotton industry in England?
Answer
Iron and steel industry
(Para – 4, Page No. 107)
5. Name any one problem faced by cotton weavers in India.
Answer
They did not have good quality of cotton.
(Para – 7, Page No. 116)
6. What was Spinning Jenny?
Answer
A machine which speeded up the spinning process and reduced the labour demands.
(New Words, Page No. 111)
7. Write down any one duty of Gomasthas?
Answer
Supervising weavers.
(Para – 6, Page No. 115)
8. Who was the typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century, according to historians?
Answer
Traditional craftsperson and labourer.
(Para – 5, Page No. 108)
9. Why the export of Indian yarn to China declined in 1906?
Answer
Produce from the Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market.
(Para – 3, Page No. 121)
10. Who produced a popular music book that had a picture on the cover page announcing the Dawn of the Century?
Answer
E. T. Paull
(Para – 1, Page No. 103)
Short Answer Questions (SAQs):
1. What is meant by proto-industrialization? Why was it successful in the countryside in England in the 17th Century?
Answer
Proto-industrialization was the early phase of industrialization in Europe and England when there was large scale industrial production for an international market which was not based on factories.
It was successful in the countryside in England due to the following reasons:
(i) The peasants had been shut out of village commons due to enclosure movement.
(ii) They now looked for alternative source of income.
(Para – 2 and 4, Page No. 105)
2. Why did technological changes occur slowly in Britain in the early nineteenth century? Explain any three reasons.
Answer
(i) New technology was expensive and merchants and industrialists were cautious about using it.
(ii) The machines often broke down and repairs were costly.
(iii) They were not much effective as compared to cheap labour.
(Para – 3, Page No. 108)
3. “The upper classes, during Victorian period, preferred things produced by hands.” Explain.
Answer
(i) They symbolised refinement and class.
(ii) They were better finished.
(iii) They were individually produced and carefully designed.
(Para – 3, Page No. 110)
4. Explain the role played by advertisements in creating new consumers for the British products.
Answer
(i) Advertisements have played a part in expanding the markets for products, and in shaping a new consumer culture.
(ii) Advertisements make products appear desirable and necessary.
(iii) They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs.
(Para – 3, Page No. 124)
5. Mention any three restrictions imposed by the British Government upon the Indian merchants in the 19th Century?
Answer
(i) The colonial control over Indian trade tightened and space within which Indian merchants could function became limited.
(ii) They were barred from trading with Europe in manufactured goods, and had to export mostly raw materials and food grains, raw cotton, opium, wheat and indigo required by the British.
(iv) They were also gradually edged out of the shipping business.
(Para – 2, Page No. 119)
6. Who were the Jobbers? Explain their main functions.
Answer
The jobber was a person with some authority and used to help the industrialists to get workers. His role was to ensure job to workers. His functions were:
(i) He got people from his village.
(ii) He ensured them jobs.
(iii) He helped the workers to settle in the cities.
(Para – 1, Page No. 120)
Long Answer Questions (LAQs):
1. Explain with examples the importance of advertisement in the marketing of the goods.
Answer
(i) Advertisements play a very vital role in the marketing of any product.
(ii) New consumers are created is through advertisements.
(iii) Advertisements make products appear desirable and necessary to the customers.
(iv) They try to shape the minds of the people and create new needs.
(v) The advertisement appear in newspapers, magazines, hoardings, street walls, television screens which have played a part in expanding the markets for products, and in shaping a new consumer culture.
(Para – 3, Page No. 124)
2. How did the Indian and British merchants and manufacturers advertise their products in India to promote their sale?
OR
Describe any five methods adopted by the British manufacturers to take over the Indian market in the beginning of 20th century.
Answer
(i) The Manchester industrialists put ‘Made in Manchester’ label in bold which assured the buyers of the quality of the cloth.
(ii) The British manufacturers used images of Indian Gods and Goddesses on the labels which symbolized the divine approval for the commodity. It also created familiarity with the Indian buyers.
(iii) Manufacturers were printing calendars to popularise their products which were used even by people who could not read. They were hung in tea shops and in poor people’s homes just as much as in offices and middle-class apartments.
(iv) The figures of important personages, of emperors and nawabs from the past were also displayed on advertisements and calendars which carried messages such as if you respect the royal figure, then respect this product and also when the product was being used by kings, or produced under royal command, its quality could not be questioned.
(v) The Indian manufacturers printed the image of Bharat Mata and a nationalist message on the labels. They also printed ‘Made in India’ on the labels thus appealing to the nationalist sentiments. The imprinted image of Krishna or Saraswati on labels was also intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land appear somewhat familiar to Indian people.
(Para – 4, Page No. 124| Para – 1 to 5, Page No.125)
3. Why were there frequent clashes between Gomasthas and weavers in the villages? Explain five reasons.
Answer
(i) Earlier supply merchants often belonged to the same villages and had a close relationship with the weavers.
(ii) The company’s appointed Gomasthas were outsiders, with no long-term social link with the villagers.
(iii) They acted arrogantly, marched into villages with sepoys and peons, and punished weavers for delays in supply often beating and flogging them.
(iv) The weavers lost the space to bargain for prices and sell to different buyers.
(v) The price they received from the Company was miserably low and the loans they had accepted tied them to the Company.
(Para – 6, Page No. 115)