Extra Questions for Class 9th: Ch 15 Improvement in Food Resources (Science) Important Questions Answer Included
Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs): 1 MarkQ1. Name the process by which green plants make their own food.
Answer
Photosynthesis.
Q2. Mention any two food materials which provide us carbohydrates.
Answer
Q2. Mention any two food materials which provide us carbohydrates.
Answer
Potato and Rice.
Q3. Name two cattle breeds which show excellent resistance of diseases.
Answer
Q3. Name two cattle breeds which show excellent resistance of diseases.
Answer
Red Sindhi and Sahiwal.
Q4. What is animal husbandry?
Answer
Q4. What is animal husbandry?
Answer
Animal husbandry is the scientific management of animal livestock and includes feeding, breeding and disease control.
Q5. What is the main benefit of mixed cropping?
Answer
Q5. What is the main benefit of mixed cropping?
Answer
It reduces risk and gives some insurance against failure of one of the crops.
Answer
Q2. Enumerate the advantages of mixed farming.
Answer
Following are the main advantages of mixed farming:
(i) The risk of complete crop failure is minimized due to undertain monsoon.
(ii) Higher yield is obtained with better soil fertility.
(iii) It provides work to all the members of a family throughout the year.
(iv) By adopting exact combination in mixed farming, a variety of produce can be obtained to fulfill family needs.
Q3. Why should the pesticides be used judiciously?
Answer
Pesticides are the chemicals that are used to control weeds, insects, rodents, fungi as well as diseases of plants. They include weedicides, insecticides and fungicides. Their excessive use cause environmental pollution. They reach the water resources by leaching and affect the aquatic flora and fauna. These harmful chemicals reach the bodies of birds, animals and human beings through the various food chains and are thus harmful to one and all. Hence, they should be used judiciously.
Q4. Why storage of grains leads to losses? What preventive and control measures are adopted befoer grains are stored for future use?
Answer
Due to biotic factors like insects, rodents, fungi, mites, bacteria and abiotic factors like inappropriate moisture and temperature in the place of storage, there is degradation in quality, loss in weight, poor germinability, discolouration of produce, all leading to poor marketability. So, preventive and control measures are used before grains are stored for future use, which include strict cleansing of the produce before storage, proper drying of the produce first in sunlight and then in shade and fumigations by using chemicals that kill pests.
Q5. How are crops selected for crop rotation?
Answer
Growing different crops on the same field or a piece of land in a pre-planned succession is called crop rotation.
Short Answer Questions-II (SAQs-II) : 3 Marks
Q1. Name the environmental factors related to cultivation practices and crop yield. Explain how they are related to crop yield.
Answer
Weather: Climatic conditions should be favourable for the growth of crops, like duration of sunlight, temperature, rainfall etc.
Soil Quality: All plants require nutrients for their growth. Soil acts as a medium. Soil should be rich in nutrients and should have a balanced pH for the growth of the crops.
Availability of Water: Irrigation should be proper for the better production of crops.
Q2. Explain the ways by which crop-production can be increased.
There are three ways:
(i) Crop Variety Improvement: This approach aims at finding a crop variety that can give a good yield variety that can produce high yield under different conditions and can withstand different situations like weather changes, soil quality, water availability etc.
(ii) Crop Production Management: Farmers have to look into the financial aspect of a crop. They have to think about the capital to invest on the land and the benefits they get from it. It is the financial condition that allows farmers to grow a particular crop. The purchasing capacity for inputs decides cropping system and production practices.
(iii) Crop Protection Management: Field crops are infested by a large number of weeds, insect pests and diseases. If they are controlled at correct time, it will ensure increased crop production.
Q3. Define Animal husbandry. Why livestock production needs to be improved?
Answer
Animal husbandry can be defined as the science of rearing, feeding, caring, breeding and utilisation of animals.
Needs of improving livestock production:
(i) It is required to meet the increasing demands of animal based goods like milk, meat, egg, leather etc.
(ii) Animal husbandry sets guidelines for proper management and systematic approach to animal rearing.
(iii) It also helps in proper utilisation of animal wastes like animal dung.
Q4. List any three management practices while designing a shelter for cattle.
Answer
While designing a shelter for cattle we must have a shelter that is:
(i) Well ventilated
(ii) Protects animals from rain, heat and cold
(iii) The floor of the cattle shed needs to be sloping so as to stay dry and facilitate cleaning.
Q5. State two advantages of composite fish culture. What is the application of hormonal stimulation in fish culture?
Answer
Advantages of composite fish culture:
(i) It helps to get a variety in fish yield.
(ii) Food in the pond gets evenly used up due to different varieties of fish having different food habits present in a pond.
Short Answer Questions-I (SAQs-I) : 2 Marks
Q1. How is Inter-cropping different from Mixed cropping? Write any two differences.
Q1. How is Inter-cropping different from Mixed cropping? Write any two differences.
Answer
Differences between Mixed cropping and intercropping:
Sl. No.
|
Mixed Cropping
|
Inter cropping
|
1.
|
There is no definite pattern of rows. | Crops are grown in definite pattern of rows like 1: 1, 1: 2 or 1: 3. |
| 2. | It is undertaken to reduce the chances of crop failure. | It is undertaken to enhance the production of crops per unit area. |
Q2. Enumerate the advantages of mixed farming.
Answer
Following are the main advantages of mixed farming:
(i) The risk of complete crop failure is minimized due to undertain monsoon.
(ii) Higher yield is obtained with better soil fertility.
(iii) It provides work to all the members of a family throughout the year.
(iv) By adopting exact combination in mixed farming, a variety of produce can be obtained to fulfill family needs.
Q3. Why should the pesticides be used judiciously?
Answer
Pesticides are the chemicals that are used to control weeds, insects, rodents, fungi as well as diseases of plants. They include weedicides, insecticides and fungicides. Their excessive use cause environmental pollution. They reach the water resources by leaching and affect the aquatic flora and fauna. These harmful chemicals reach the bodies of birds, animals and human beings through the various food chains and are thus harmful to one and all. Hence, they should be used judiciously.
Q4. Why storage of grains leads to losses? What preventive and control measures are adopted befoer grains are stored for future use?
Answer
Due to biotic factors like insects, rodents, fungi, mites, bacteria and abiotic factors like inappropriate moisture and temperature in the place of storage, there is degradation in quality, loss in weight, poor germinability, discolouration of produce, all leading to poor marketability. So, preventive and control measures are used before grains are stored for future use, which include strict cleansing of the produce before storage, proper drying of the produce first in sunlight and then in shade and fumigations by using chemicals that kill pests.
Q5. How are crops selected for crop rotation?
Answer
Growing different crops on the same field or a piece of land in a pre-planned succession is called crop rotation.
For crop rotation, the selection of crops depends on the:
(i) Type of soil.
(ii) Nutrient status.
(iii) Availability of water through rain or irrigation.
(iv) Length of rainy season.
(v) Duration of crop-short or long, and
(vi) Availability of inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, manpower etc.
(i) Type of soil.
(ii) Nutrient status.
(iii) Availability of water through rain or irrigation.
(iv) Length of rainy season.
(v) Duration of crop-short or long, and
(vi) Availability of inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, manpower etc.
Short Answer Questions-II (SAQs-II) : 3 Marks
Q1. Name the environmental factors related to cultivation practices and crop yield. Explain how they are related to crop yield.
Answer
Weather: Climatic conditions should be favourable for the growth of crops, like duration of sunlight, temperature, rainfall etc.
Soil Quality: All plants require nutrients for their growth. Soil acts as a medium. Soil should be rich in nutrients and should have a balanced pH for the growth of the crops.
Availability of Water: Irrigation should be proper for the better production of crops.
Q2. Explain the ways by which crop-production can be increased.
There are three ways:
(i) Crop Variety Improvement: This approach aims at finding a crop variety that can give a good yield variety that can produce high yield under different conditions and can withstand different situations like weather changes, soil quality, water availability etc.
(ii) Crop Production Management: Farmers have to look into the financial aspect of a crop. They have to think about the capital to invest on the land and the benefits they get from it. It is the financial condition that allows farmers to grow a particular crop. The purchasing capacity for inputs decides cropping system and production practices.
(iii) Crop Protection Management: Field crops are infested by a large number of weeds, insect pests and diseases. If they are controlled at correct time, it will ensure increased crop production.
Q3. Define Animal husbandry. Why livestock production needs to be improved?
Answer
Animal husbandry can be defined as the science of rearing, feeding, caring, breeding and utilisation of animals.
Needs of improving livestock production:
(i) It is required to meet the increasing demands of animal based goods like milk, meat, egg, leather etc.
(ii) Animal husbandry sets guidelines for proper management and systematic approach to animal rearing.
(iii) It also helps in proper utilisation of animal wastes like animal dung.
Q4. List any three management practices while designing a shelter for cattle.
Answer
While designing a shelter for cattle we must have a shelter that is:
(i) Well ventilated
(ii) Protects animals from rain, heat and cold
(iii) The floor of the cattle shed needs to be sloping so as to stay dry and facilitate cleaning.
Q5. State two advantages of composite fish culture. What is the application of hormonal stimulation in fish culture?
Answer
Advantages of composite fish culture:
(i) It helps to get a variety in fish yield.
(ii) Food in the pond gets evenly used up due to different varieties of fish having different food habits present in a pond.
(iii) Fish do not compete for food as all type of fish get their kind of food. Hormonal stimulation ensures the supply of pure fish seed in desired quantities.
Q6. In what ways internal parasites like worms and flukes and external parasites cause harm to the cattels.
Answer
External parasite—skin disease,
worm—affect stomach and intestine;
Flukes—damage liver.
Q6. In what ways internal parasites like worms and flukes and external parasites cause harm to the cattels.
Answer
External parasite—skin disease,
worm—affect stomach and intestine;
Flukes—damage liver.
Long Answer Questions (LAQs) : 5 Marks
Q1. (a) List the various factors which are responsible for loss of stored food grains.
(b) How these factors affect the produce?
(c) What can be done to prevent this loss?
Answer
(a) Biotic — insects, rodents, fungi, mites, bacteria.
Abiotic—inappropriate moisture + temperature.
(b) (i) Degradation in quantity.
Q1. (a) List the various factors which are responsible for loss of stored food grains.
(b) How these factors affect the produce?
(c) What can be done to prevent this loss?
Answer
(a) Biotic — insects, rodents, fungi, mites, bacteria.
Abiotic—inappropriate moisture + temperature.
(b) (i) Degradation in quantity.
(ii) Loss in weight.
(iii) Poor germinability
(iv) Poor marketability
(c) (i) Drying first in sunlight, then in shade. (ii) Fumigation.
Q2. Describe in short five methods by which you can increase the yield of crops and livestock.
Answer
Five methods by which we can increase the yield of crops and livestock are as follows:
(i) By including better crop management like mixed farming, crop and fodder yields can be improved.
(ii) By improved varieties of seeds etc. and cropping practices, we can improve the yield of crops which indirectly provides improved food for livestock.
(iii) By minimizing the application of fertilizers and pesticides.
(iv) By adopting integrated farming practices, e.g., combining agriculture with livestock.
(v) By promoting the usage of livestock excreta for production of compost, we can supply required nutrients through soil.
Q3. Unpredictable monsoon/ droughts/ low rainfall is adversely affecting the Indian agriculture.
(a) Mention any two initiatives that have been adopted to increase the availability of water for agricultural purposes.
(b) State two advantages of making check dams.
(c) Briefly describe canal and river lift system of irrigation.
Answer
(a) Rain water harvesting and water shed management.
(b) Two advantages of check dams:
(i) Increase the ground water level
(ii) Reduce soil erosion
(iii)Prevent rain water from flowing away
(c) Canal system: From rivers /reservoirs to crop field through system of canals. River lift system: Water is drawn from rivers for supplementing irrigation.
(c) (i) Drying first in sunlight, then in shade. (ii) Fumigation.
Q2. Describe in short five methods by which you can increase the yield of crops and livestock.
Answer
Five methods by which we can increase the yield of crops and livestock are as follows:
(i) By including better crop management like mixed farming, crop and fodder yields can be improved.
(ii) By improved varieties of seeds etc. and cropping practices, we can improve the yield of crops which indirectly provides improved food for livestock.
(iii) By minimizing the application of fertilizers and pesticides.
(iv) By adopting integrated farming practices, e.g., combining agriculture with livestock.
(v) By promoting the usage of livestock excreta for production of compost, we can supply required nutrients through soil.
Q3. Unpredictable monsoon/ droughts/ low rainfall is adversely affecting the Indian agriculture.
(a) Mention any two initiatives that have been adopted to increase the availability of water for agricultural purposes.
(b) State two advantages of making check dams.
(c) Briefly describe canal and river lift system of irrigation.
Answer
(a) Rain water harvesting and water shed management.
(b) Two advantages of check dams:
(i) Increase the ground water level
(ii) Reduce soil erosion
(iii)Prevent rain water from flowing away
(c) Canal system: From rivers /reservoirs to crop field through system of canals. River lift system: Water is drawn from rivers for supplementing irrigation.