Solutions of Life Process Lakhmir Singh Manjit Kaur VSAQ Pg No. 23 Class 10 Biology
Very Short Answer Type Questions-Pg-23
1. Which is the basic requirement of living organisms for obtaining energy?
Answer
→ Food is the basic requirement of all living organisms to get energy and to carry out their activities.
2. Which of the following type of energy is used by living organisms to perform vital life processes?
Kinetic energy, Chemical energy, Potential energy, nuclear energy.
Answer
→ To perform vital life processes like respiration, chemical energy is used by living organisms.
3. Which of the following is an autotroph?
Green Plant or Man
Answer
→ Green plants are autotrophs because they can make their food themselves.
4. Name two inorganic substances which are used by autotrophs to make food?
Answer
→ Inorganic substances such as CO2 and water are used by autotrophs to synthesize their food.
5. What is the mode of nutrition in fungi?
Answer
→ Fungi obtain their food from dead and decaying plants and animals. Such type of mode of nutrition is called saprotrophic nutrition.
6. Name one organism each having saprophytic, parasitic and holozoic modes of nutrition.
Answer
→ Fungi have saprophytic mode of nutrition.
Leech has parasitic mode of nutrition.
Amoeba has holozoic mode of nutrition.
7. Name the process by which plants make food.
Answer
→ The process by which green plants make their own food is called photosynthesis.
8. In addition to carbon dioxide and water, state two other conditions necessary for the process of photosynthesis to take place.
Answer
→ In addition to carbon dioxide and water, plants need sunlight and chlorophyll for the process of photosynthesis.
9. Apart from sunlight and chlorophyll, what other things are required to make food by photosynthesis?
Answer
→ Apart from sunlight and chlorophyll, plants need water and carbon dioxide to make food by the process of photosynthesis.
10A. Name a gas used in photosynthesis.
B. Name a gas produced in photosynthesis
→ A. In the process of Photosynthesis, Carbon dioxide gas is used.
B. In the process of Photosynthesis, Oxygen gas is produced.
11. The leaves of a plant first prepare food A by photosynthesis. Food A then gets converted into food B. What are A and B?
Answer
→ The food prepared in the plant by the process of photosynthesis is glucose (A) then it gets stored in plant leaves in the form of starch (B).
12. Which substance is used to remove chlorophyll from a green leaf during photosynthesis experiments?
Answer
→ We use the alcohol to remove chlorophyll from the leaves during the photosynthesis experiments.
13. Why do we boil the leaf in alcohol when we are testing it for starch?
Answer
→ To remove chlorophyll from the leaves, we boil the leaf in alcohol.
14A. Name the pigment in leaves which absorbs sunlight energy.
B. What is the colour of this pigment?
Answer
→ A. Chlorophyll absorbs the light energy from the sun that is required to derive photosynthesis.
→ The colour of chlorophyll pigment is green.
15. Name the pigment which can absorb solar energy.
Answer
→ Chloroplast contains a green pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs the solar energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy.
16. Name the organelle of plant cells in which photosynthesis occurs.
Answer
→ Chloroplasts are the plant cell organelles where the process of photosynthesis takes place.
17. Apart from carbon dioxide and water, name four other raw materials which are needed by the plants.
Answer
→ Apart from carbon dioxide and water, nitrogen, magnesium, iron and phosphorus are needed by the plants. Plants take these raw materials from the soil.
18. Where is chlorophyll mainly present in a plant?
Answer
→ Chlorophyll is present in the chloroplast and chloroplast is mainly present in the leaves of the plant.
19. What is the name of those cells in the leaf of a plant which control the opening and closing of stomata?
Answer
→ Each stomata is surrounded by a pair of guard cells. Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
20. Name an animal whose process of obtaining food is called phagocytosis.
Answer
→ The mode of nutrition in amoeba is holozoic and the process of obtaining food is called phagocytosis.
21. All the animals can be divided into three groups on the basis of their eating habits. Name the three groups.
Answer
→ All animals, on the basis of their food habits, can be divided into three groups:-
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Omnivores
22. What is the scientific name of the animals which are:
(i) Only meat eaters?
(ii) Only plant eaters?
(iii) Both, plant and meat eaters?
Answer
→ (i) The term carnivore is related to only flesh eating animals.
(ii) The term herbivore is related to only plant eating animals.
(iii) The term omnivore is related to both plant and meat eating animals.
23. Name the green pigment present in the leaves of a plant.
Answer
→ Chlorophyll is the green pigment present in the leaves of plants. It is necessary for the process of photosynthesis in plants.
24. Arrange the following processes involved in the nutrition in animals in the correct order (in which they take place):
Assimilation, Egestion, Ingestion, Absorption, Digestion.
Answer
→ The correct order of processes involved in the nutrition in animals are-
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion.
25. How does Amoeba engulf the food particle?
Answer
→ Amoeba has no mouth for ingestion of food. Amoeba engulfs the food particles by forming finger-like projections called pseudopodia.
26. What substances enter into the food vacuole in Amoeba to break down the food?
Answer
→ In amoeba, digestive enzyme digests the food in the food vacuole. The enzymes enter into the food vacuole from outer cytoplasm and break down the food into small molecules.
27. From which part of the body, undigested food is egested in Amoeba?
Answer
→ Amoeba has no fixed place for egestion. When sufficient amount of undigested food gets collected inside the cell, it is thrown out of the body by rupturing the cell membrane.
28. Name a unicellular animal which uses cilia to move food particles into its mouth.
Answer
→ Paramecium, a unicellular animal, has tiny hair-like structures, called cilia around its body. It uses cilia to sweep the food particles from water into its mouth.
29. Name the enzyme present in human saliva. What type of food material is digested by this enzyme?
Answer
→ Saliva is a watery fluid which contains an enzyme called salivary amylase. Salivary amylase acts on starch and breaks down it into sugar.
30. Which of the organs perform the following functions in humans?
(i) Absorption of food
(ii) Absorption of water
Answer
→ (i) The absorption of digested food takes place in the small intestine.
(ii) The absorption of water from remaining indigestible food takes place in the large intestine.
31. What moves the food in the digestive organs?
Answer
→ Peristaltic movement is the contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the digestive tract to move the food through the digestive system.
32. What is the other name of food pipe?
Answer
→ Food pipe is also called oesophagus. Oesophagus is a long muscular tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach.
33. What substance is mixed with food in the mouth during chewing by the teeth?
Answer
→ Salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth which is mixed with the food. Saliva makes the food slippery so that it is easy to swallow.
34. What is the name of tiny projections on the inner surface of small intestine which help in absorbing the digested food?
Answer
→ The inner surface of small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi. Villi increase the surface area which helps in absorption of the digested food.
35. In which part of the digestive system is water absorbed?
Answer
→ The walls of the large intestine absorb water from the remaining indigestible food materials.
36. What is the name of the opening in the human body through which undigested food is thrown out?
Answer
→ Anus is the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which undigested food is thrown out.
37. Where is digested food absorbed into blood in human body?
Answer
→ Digested food is absorbed in the small intestine. The digested food passes through the walls of small intestine and goes into our blood stream.
38. Name the biological catalysts which bring about chemical digestion of food.
Answer
→ Enzymes are biological catalysts which increase the rate of chemical reactions that take place inside the living body. Examples: Pepsin, trypsin, amylase, etc.
39. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) All green plants are...........
(b) All non-green plants and animals are ..............
(c) Heterotrophs depend on ............. and other ................... for food.
(d) Green plants use ............ and ............... to make food.
(e) Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with ........................
Answer
→ (a) All green plants are autotrophs.
(b) All non-green plants and animals are Heterotrophs.
(c) Heterotrophs depend on autotrophs and other heterotrophs for food.
(d) Green plants use carbon dioxide and water to make food.
(e) Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with starch.