NCERT Solutions for Class 12: Ch 6 International Organisations Political Science
1. Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements about the veto power:(a) Only the permanent members of the Security Council possess the veto power.
► Correct
(b) It’s a kind of negative power.
► Correct
(c) The Secretary General uses this power when not satisfied with any decision.
► Wrong
(d) One veto can stall a Security Council resolution.
► Correct
2. Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements about the way the UN functions:
(a) All security and peace related issues are dealt within the Security Council.
► Correct
2. Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements about the way the UN functions:
(a) All security and peace related issues are dealt within the Security Council.
► Correct
(b) Humanitarian policies are implemented by the main organs and specialised agencies spread across the globe.
► Wrong
(c) Having consensus among five permanent members on security issues is vital for its implementation.
► Correct
(d) The members of the General Assembly are automatically the members of all other principal organs and specialised agencies of the UN.
► Wrong
3. Which among the following would give more weightage to India’s proposal for permanent membership in the Security Council?
(a) Nuclear capability
(b) It has been a member of the UN since its inception.
(c) It is located in Asia.
(d) India’s growing economic power and stable political system.
Answer
(d) India’s growing economic power and stable political system.
4. The UN agency concerned with the safety and peaceful use of nuclear technology is:
(a) The UN Committee on Disarmament
(b) International Atomic Energy Agency
(c) UN International Safeguard Committee
(d) None of the above.
Answer
(b) International Atomic Energy Agency
5. WTO is serving as the successor to which of the following organisations:
(a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
(b) General Arrangement on Trade and Tariffs
(c) World Health Organisation
(d) UN Development Programme
Answer
(a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
6. Fill in the blanks:
(d) India’s growing economic power and stable political system.
Answer
(d) India’s growing economic power and stable political system.
4. The UN agency concerned with the safety and peaceful use of nuclear technology is:
(a) The UN Committee on Disarmament
(b) International Atomic Energy Agency
(c) UN International Safeguard Committee
(d) None of the above.
Answer
(b) International Atomic Energy Agency
5. WTO is serving as the successor to which of the following organisations:
(a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
(b) General Arrangement on Trade and Tariffs
(c) World Health Organisation
(d) UN Development Programme
Answer
(a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
6. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The prime objective of UN is ________
► to maintain peace and security
(b) The highest functionary of the UN is called ________
► Secretariat
(c) The UN Security Council has ________ permanent and ________non permanent members.
► 5, 10
(d) ________is the present UN Secretary General.
► António Guterres
7. Match the principal organs and agencies of the UN with their functions:
| 1. Economic and Social Council | (a) Oversees the global financial system. |
| 2. International Court of Justice | (b) Reservation of international peace and security. |
| 3. International Atomic Energy Agency | (c) Looks into the economic and social welfare of the member countries. |
| 4. Security Council | (d) Safety and peaceful use of nuclear technology. |
| 5. UN High Commission for Refugees | (e) Resolves disputes between and among member countries. |
| 6. World Trade Organisation | (f) Provides shelter and medical help during emergencies. |
| 7. International Monetary Fund | (g) Debates and discusses global issues. |
| 8. General Assembly | (h) Administration and coordination of UN affairs. |
| 9. World Health Organisation | (i) Providing good health for all. |
| 10. Secretariat |
(j) Facilitates free trade among member countries.
|
Answer
8. What are the functions of Security Council?
Answer
Its main function is to maintain international peace and security in the world. Its other functions are as:
| 1. Economic and Social Council | (c) Looks into the economic and social welfare of the member countries. |
| 2. International Court of Justice | (e) Resolves disputes between and among member countries. |
| 3. International Atomic Energy Agency | (d) Safety and peaceful use of nuclear technology. |
| 4. Security Council | (b) Reservation of international peace and security. |
| 5. UN High Commission for Refugees | (f) Provides shelter and medical help during emergencies. |
| 6. World Trade Organisation | (j) Facilitates free trade among member countries. |
| 7. International Monetary Fund | (a) Oversees the global financial system. |
| 8. General Assembly | (g) Debates and discusses global issues. |
| 9. World Health Organisation | (i) Providing good health for all. |
| 10. Secretariat | (h) Administration and coordination of UN affairs. |
8. What are the functions of Security Council?
Answer
Its main function is to maintain international peace and security in the world. Its other functions are as:
• To investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction.
• To recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement.
• To formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments.
• To determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken.
• To call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression.
• To take military action against an aggressor.
• To recommend the admission of new Members.
• To exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas".
• To recommend to the General Assembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court of Justice.
9. As a citizen of India, how would you support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of Security Council? Justify your proposal.
Answer
As a citizen of India, we may support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of Security Council through various reasons:
• India is the second most populous country in the world with one-fifth of world population.
• India is world’s largest democracy.
• India has participated in virtually all of the initiatives of the UN.
• Its role in the UN’s peacekeeping efforts is a long and substantial one.
• India’s economic emergence on the World Stage.
• India is a regular financial contributor to the UN.
• India signifies a growing importance in world affairs in conduct of its foreign policy.
10. Critically evaluate the difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN.
Answer
There are various difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN:
• How big an economic and military power may qualify to become UNSC membership?
• What level of budget contribution should be enabled?
• No guarantee to be effective as Council Member in respect for democracy and human rights.
• Why should the issue of equitable representation decided by geography? Why not by levels of economic development?
• Why not to give more seats to members of developing world?
11. Though the UN has failed in preventing wars and related miseries, nations prefer its continuation. What makes the UN an indispensable organisation?
Answer
• The growing connections and links between societies and issues often called ‘interdependence’—it is hard to imagine how more than seven billion people would live together without an organisation such as the UN.
• Technology promises to increase planetary interdependence, and therefore the importance of the UN will only increase.
• To tackle the issues of poverty, unemployment, environmental degradation, crime rate etc.
• To provide financial assistance to developing countries to stabilise economy all over the world,, the UN and its specialised agencies are always required.
• The UN works as an international forum to solve any international dispute among nations and sort out the best possible way.
Due to these reasons, though the UN has failed in preventing related wars and miseries, despite the nations require its continuation and helping to promote international peace and understanding.
12. “Reforming the UN means restructuring of the Security Council”. Do you agree with this statement? Give arguments for or against this position.
Answer
Yes, we do agree with the statement because Security Council plays a crucial role in functioning of the UN. It represents the and five permanent members and their veto power provide them valuable outstanding position. Permanent members category is mainly from developed economy which should be balanced by enhancing representation from developing countries. Other way through which Security Council to make the UN more effective is inclusion of member states should be judged on the basis of contribution to peace keeping initiatives.
• To recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement.
• To formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments.
• To determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken.
• To call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression.
• To take military action against an aggressor.
• To recommend the admission of new Members.
• To exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas".
• To recommend to the General Assembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court of Justice.
9. As a citizen of India, how would you support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of Security Council? Justify your proposal.
Answer
As a citizen of India, we may support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of Security Council through various reasons:
• India is the second most populous country in the world with one-fifth of world population.
• India is world’s largest democracy.
• India has participated in virtually all of the initiatives of the UN.
• Its role in the UN’s peacekeeping efforts is a long and substantial one.
• India’s economic emergence on the World Stage.
• India is a regular financial contributor to the UN.
• India signifies a growing importance in world affairs in conduct of its foreign policy.
10. Critically evaluate the difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN.
Answer
There are various difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN:
• How big an economic and military power may qualify to become UNSC membership?
• What level of budget contribution should be enabled?
• No guarantee to be effective as Council Member in respect for democracy and human rights.
• Why should the issue of equitable representation decided by geography? Why not by levels of economic development?
• Why not to give more seats to members of developing world?
11. Though the UN has failed in preventing wars and related miseries, nations prefer its continuation. What makes the UN an indispensable organisation?
Answer
• The growing connections and links between societies and issues often called ‘interdependence’—it is hard to imagine how more than seven billion people would live together without an organisation such as the UN.
• Technology promises to increase planetary interdependence, and therefore the importance of the UN will only increase.
• To tackle the issues of poverty, unemployment, environmental degradation, crime rate etc.
• To provide financial assistance to developing countries to stabilise economy all over the world,, the UN and its specialised agencies are always required.
• The UN works as an international forum to solve any international dispute among nations and sort out the best possible way.
Due to these reasons, though the UN has failed in preventing related wars and miseries, despite the nations require its continuation and helping to promote international peace and understanding.
12. “Reforming the UN means restructuring of the Security Council”. Do you agree with this statement? Give arguments for or against this position.
Answer
Yes, we do agree with the statement because Security Council plays a crucial role in functioning of the UN. It represents the and five permanent members and their veto power provide them valuable outstanding position. Permanent members category is mainly from developed economy which should be balanced by enhancing representation from developing countries. Other way through which Security Council to make the UN more effective is inclusion of member states should be judged on the basis of contribution to peace keeping initiatives.