Devotional Paths to the Divine Extra Questions Chapter 8 Class 7 History
Here, you will get Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine Extra Questions for Class 7 History that will helpful in preparing for the exams in better way. Class 7 Extra Questions in understanding the key concepts inside the chapter properly.
Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs):
1. Who were the Pulaiyar and the Panars?
Answer
Untouchables.
2. By the word "MAYA" shankara meant________________.
Answer
Illusion.
3. Name the Bhakti saint who was a great satirist and ridiculed all the institutions of his time.
Answer
Kabir.
4. Name the regional language popularised by the Bhakti leader Shankradeva.
Answer
Assamese.
5. What was the greatest social impact of the Bhakti Movement on medieval Hindu society?
Answer
Equality between high and low castes.
6. Sufis were_________.
Answer
Muslim mystics.
7. Tevaram was a____________.
Answer
Compilation of songs.
8. What was the name of holy law developed by Muslim Scholar?
Answer
Shariat.
9. The idea of Bhakti was first discussed in_________.
Answer
Bhagvad Gita.
10. Alvars were the worshippers of lord________.
Answer
Lord Vishnu.
11. Lehna, the successor of Guru Nanak was also called_____.
Answer
Guru Angad.
12. The earliest form of Tamil literature is known as__________.
Answer
Sangam literature.
13. Bible was translated into German by________.
Answer
Martin Luther.
14. What was the language used by Jalaluddin Rumi?
Answer
Persian.
15. Where the temple of lord vitthala is located?
Answer
Pandharpur.
16. Kabir's teachings comprised of small poems which were collected in a small book known as_____________.
Answer
Bijak.
17. The Sufi Khanqahs had its visitors from royalty, nobility and __________.
Answer
Ordinary people.
18. Guru Arjun was assassinated during the reign of_______.
Answer
Jahangir.
Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine Short Answer Questions (SAQs):
1. Who were the Nayanars and Alvars? What did they preach?
Answer
The new religious movements that began in the seventh to ninth centuries were led by the Nayanars and Alvars. The Nayanar saints were devoted to Shiva and the Alvar saints were devoted to Vishnu. Both came from all castes including those considered untouchables like the Pulaiyar and the Panars. They preached ardent love of Shiva or Vishnu as the path to salvation. They drew upon the ideals of love and heroism and blended them with the values of bhakti. The Nayanars and Alvars went from place to place composing beautiful poems in praise of the deities enshrined in the villages they visited and set them to music.
2. What were the teachings of Ramanuja?
Answer
Ramanuja was born in Tamil Nadu in the eleventh century. He was deeply influenced by the Alvars. He was an exponent of the doctrine of Vishistadavita or qualified non-dualism. He advocated that the best means of attaining salvation was through intense devotion to Vishnu. According to Ramanuja's teachings, Lord Narayana or Bhagavan is the Supreme Being. He believed that Vishnu helped devotees to attain the bliss of union with Him. Later his teachings inspired the Bhakti cult in North India.
3. Write a short note on Shankara and his teachings.
Answer
Shankara was one of the most popular religious philosophers of India born in Kerala. He was the expounder of the concept of Advaita which is the doctrine of oneness of the individual soul and the supreme god. He was a fully developed Yogi, Jnani and Bhakta. He believed that Brahman alone is real, this world is unreal. He considered the world as Maya or an illusion. He preached renunciation of the world and adoption of the path of knowledge.
4. Write a short note on Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis.
Answer
A number of religious groups criticized the rituals and other aspects of conventional religion and preached the social order using simple logical arguments. They advocated renunciation of the world. To achieve the salvation, they advocated intense training of the mind and body through practices like yogasanas. They became popular among low castes in North India.
5. Describe the beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis.
Answer
The Nathpanthis, Siddhacharas and Yogis were against conventional religion and social order. They advocated renunciation of the world. To them the path to salvation lay in meditation on the formless Ultimate Reality and the realisation of oneness with it. To achieve this they advocated intense training of the mind and body through practices like yogasanas, breathing exercises and meditation. They became particularly popular among low castes.
6. Who ordered the execution of Guru Arjan and why?
Answer
The Mughal emperor Jahangir ordered the execution of Guru Arjan Dev. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, the town of Ramdaspur (Amritsar) developed around the central Gurdwara, also called Harmandar Sahib (Golden Temple). It was like a state with self-governing. The Mughal emperor saw this development as a potential threat against his rule. So he ordered the execution.
7. Who were Sufis?
Answer
Sufis were Muslim mystics. They rejected outward religiosity and emphasized love and devotion to God and compassion towards all fellow human beings. They condemned the elaborate rituals and codes of behaviour demanded by Muslim religious scholars. They also composed poems expressing their feelings.
8. How did Khalsa Panth emerged?
Answer
The Sikh movement began to get politicized in the seventeenth century. Development culminated in the institution of the Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699. Thus, the community of the Sikhs called the Khalsa Panth came into existence as a political entity.
9. Who was Martin Luther? How did he view the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer
Martin Luther was one of the most important leaders of the changes that took place within Christianity. Luther felt that several practices in the Roman Catholic Church went against the teachings of the Bible.
10. Write in brief about the Virashaiva movement.
Answer
The Virashaiva movement was initiated by Basavanna and his companions like Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi. This movement began in Karnataka in the mid-twelfth century. The Virashaivas argued strongly for the equality of all human beings and against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women. They also rejected all forms of rituals and worship.
11. When did local myths become a part of the Puranic stories?
Answer
When gods and goddess were identified with Shiva, the local myths and legends became part of the Puranic stories and the methods of worship introduced in the Puranas were followed for the local gods and goddesses.
12. Mention different new ideas that began to develop during the medieval period.
Answer
The medieval period witnessed the development of many new ideas of the Supreme God. Some were widely accepted while some were rejected.
• The idea that all living things pass through countless cycles of birth and rebirth performing good deeds and bad came to be widely accepted.
• The idea that all human beings are not equal even at birth gained ground during this period.
• The idea of the Supreme God also drew attention of many. According to this idea, it is the Supreme God Who could deliver humans from bondage if approached with devotion.
Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine Long Answer Questions (LAQs):
1. Explain the teachings of Guru Nanak.
Answer
The ideas of Guru Nanak had a huge impact on people from the very beginning.
• He emphasized the importance of worship of one God. He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation.
• He himself used the terms nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teaching, which actually meant right worship, welfare of others and purity of conduct.
• His teachings are now remembered as nam-japna, kirt-karna and vand-chhakna, which also underline the importance of right belief and worship, honest living, and helping others.
2. What were the teachings of the Bhakti saint Kabir?
Answer
Kabir's teachings were based on a complete, indeed vehement and rejection of the major religious traditions.
• His teachings openly ridiculed all forms of external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam, the pre-eminence of the priestly classes and the caste system.
• The language of his poetry was a form of spoken Hindi widely understood by ordinary people. He also sometimes used cryptic language, which was difficult to follow.
• Kabir believed in a formless Supreme God and preached that the only path to salvation was through bhakti or devotion.
• He drew his followers from among both Hindus and Muslims.
• His teachings reflect the secular values of life.
3. What were the teachings of the saints of Maharashtra?
Answer
The saints of Maharashtra were strong and outspoken drawn from all social classes.
• They focused on the Vitthala (a form of Vishnu) in temple in Pandharpur whom they identified with Lord Krishna.
• They stressed on the notion that personal god is residing in the hearts of all people, the efficacy of gods name, professed love and brotherhood.
• They condemned the idea of all forms of ritualism and social differences based on birth.
• They even rejected the idea of renunciation and preferred to live with their families like other persons and serve human beings.