Sectors of Indian Economy Important Questions Class 10 Social Science Economics
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. What is a primary activity?
Answer
When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, it is called primary activity.
Question 2. What is a territary activity?
Answer
It is an activity which provides aid or support for the production process. In itself, it does not produce any goods.
Question 3. Give the meaning of GDP
Answer
Gross Domestic Product is the value of all final good and services produced within a country during a particular year.
Question 4. What is a secondary activity?
Answer
When a product is made or manufactured in a workshop or factory, it is a secondary activity.
Question 5. Give any two examples of primary activities.
Answer
(i) Animal rearing
(ii) Lumbering
Question 6. Give two examples of secondary activities.
Answer
(i) Manufacturing of car
(ii) Manufacturing of chair
Question 7. Why tertiary sector is also termed as service sector?
Answer
Tertiary sector is termed as service sector because tertiary sector provide support service to primary and secondary sectors.
Question 8. What are final goods?
Answer
Final goods are the goods which are ready for use. For example a pen.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. What are tertiary activities? Explain with examples.
Answer
Tertiary activity consists of all service occupations. Transport, communication, trade, health, education and administration are important examples of tertiary activities. These tertiary activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good, but they are an aid or a support for the production process. So these are also known as support services.
Question 2. What is disguised unemployment? Explain.
It is a situation in which more workers are working in an activity than required. The people who are actually engaged in such an activity appear to be employed, but are not fully employed.- For example, if for the cultivation of one hectare land, 10 workers are required, but instead of 10 workers, 15 workers are working. In this case, 5 workers are disguised unemployed. In such cases, even if the surplus workers are removed, the production will not suffer. ,
- This type of unemployment is basically found in agriculture.
- This type of unemployment can also be called underemployment because workers perform below their productivity level.
Question 3. What is meant by the voluntary unemployment?
Answer
Voluntary unemployment is meant by choosing not to work voluntarily. Voluntarily unemployed persons prefer leisure to work as they do not like the wage rates in practice.
However voluntary unemployment is not totally voluntary, there may be some hidden or obvious reasons behind it. Most these kind of unemployed choose to remain idle until they get work on their terms and conditions.
Question 4. What is an unorganised sector? Explain.
Answer
An Unorganised Sector is a sector which is not registered by the government.- The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government.
- There are rules and regulations, but these are not followed.
Question 5. What is the condition of unemployment as data provided by the employment exchange?
Answer
Data provided by the employment exchange is the second source of information about unemployment condition in ‘India. The first one is conducting sample surveys and population censuses.
The data provided by employment exchanges is considered as the indirect method of estimating the educated unemployed in India. In 2001, near about 420 iakh job-seekers were registered with employment exchanges. Among these job Seekers 267% were women.
Question 6. What are the two sectors of economic activities on the basis of the ownership of resources? Explain.
Answer
The public and the private sector.
- Public Sector: It is the sector which is controlled, managed and owned by the government. For example, the Indian Railways.
- Private Sector: A private sector is owned, controlled and managed by an individual or by a group of individuals. For example, the Reliance Industries Ltd.
Question 7. How can employment opportunities be generated in the tourism and information and technology centres?
Answer
- Government should encourage tourism by providing more facilities to the tourists.
- Medical treatment in India is very cheap as compared to developed nations.
- Vocational training should be merged in main-stream education pattern.
- Research and development work should be promoted.
- Government should set up more technology parks.
Question 8. Define unemployment? What is seasonal unemployment?
Answer
Unemployment is the situation in which a section of people, who are able and willing to work but do not find gainful work. Seasonal unemployment is meant by the situation where some people are employed during some parts of the year and remain without work during the rest of the year, owing to the seasonal nature of work. For example if an agricultural worker or a farmer remains out of work in the lean season of a year, he is said to be seasonally unemployed.
Question 9. Mention the most common type of unemployment.
Answer
The most -common type of ‘unemployment is structural unemployment as in this type of unemployment the economy has no capital or resource to provide employment to all of its labour force. It is a common feature of many of the developing countries. Even the nature of unemployment in our country is partly structural.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1. Who are the people that work in an unorganised sector ? Mention any two social values which you have learnt from the working conditions of unorganised sector.
Answer
- In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises the landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers, sharecroppers and artisans (such as weavers, blacksmiths, carpenters and goldsmiths).
- In the urban areas, the unorganised sector mainly comprises workers in small-scale industry, casual workers in construction, trade and transport, etc. It also consists of those who work as street vendors, head load workers, garment makers, rag pickers, etc.
- Majority of workers from scheduled castes, tribes and backward communities find themselves in the unorganised sector.
Social Values:
- Most of the people working in unorganised sector belong to backward communities.
- These workers face social discrimination.
Question 2. Why is the tertiary sector becoming so important in India? Give at least four reasons.
Answer
(i) Basic services : In any country, several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc., are required. These can be considered as basic services. In a developing country, the government has to take the responsibility for the provision of these services.
As more and more people are being employed to provide the basic services to the people, the share of the tertiary sector in the Gross Domestic Product, the GDR is increasing.
(ii) Development of means of transport and communication: The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as transport, communication, trade, etc. All these are under the tertiary sector.
(iii) More income more services: The per capita income in our country is rising. As the income level rises, people demand more services like tourism, shopping centres, schools, professional training centres, banks, etc.
(iv) New services: With modernisation and globalisation, some new services based on information and communication technology have become important and essential. The production of these services has been rising rapidly.
Question 3. Why is the territary sector becoming important in India. Give reasons?
Answer
The territary sector is becoming important in India there are several reasons. Some such reasons are First, in any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc. are required.
These can be considered as basic services. In a developing country the government has to take responsibility for the provision of these services.
Second, the development of agriculture and industry leaders to the development of services such as transport, trade, storage and the like, as we have already seen. Greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors, more would be the demand or such services.
Third, as income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like eating out, tourism, shopping private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc. One can see this change quite sharply in cities, especially in big cities, Fourth, over the past decade or so, certain new. Services such as those based on information and communication technology Have become important and essential. The production of these services has been rising rapidly.
Question 4. What is an organised sector? Describe its working conditions.
Answer
An organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work. They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, the Minimum Wages Act, the Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops Act, etc.
- Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of employment.
- They work only for a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer.
- They also get several other benefits from the employers like paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity, etc.
- They also get medical benefits and, under the laws, the factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment.
Question 5. Write two groups of people working in unorganised sector who are in need of protection. How can the government protect them ?
Answer
(i) In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises the landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers, sharecroppers and artisans (such as weavers, blacksmiths, carpenters and goldsmiths).
(ii) In the urban areas, the unorganised sector mainly comprises workers in small-scale industry, casual workers in construction, trade and transport, etc. It also consists of those who work as street vendors, head load workers, garment makers, rag pickers, etc.
Role of Government:
- Government can provide them cheap loans.
- Government can provide basic facilities like education, food, health at cheap and affordable rate.