Chapter 8 Unity in Diversity, or ‘Many in the One' Class 6 Social Science Exploring Society: India and Beyond NCERT Solutions
Chapter 8 Unity in Diversity, or ‘Many in the One' NCERT Solutions Class 6 Social Science
Page No. 125The Big Questions
1. What is meant by ‘unity in diversity’ in the Indian scenario?
Answer
Unity in diversity in the Indian scenario refers to the concept where diverse cultural, linguistic, regional, and religious groups coexist harmoniously, contributing to a unified national identity. Despite the vast differences, there is a common underlying unity that binds the people together.
2. What aspects of India’s diversity are the most striking?
Answer
The most striking aspects of India’s diversity include its numerous languages, varied culinary traditions, distinct styles of clothing, multitude of festivals, and a rich tapestry of literature and arts. Each region showcases unique customs and traditions, yet they all form part of the larger Indian culture.
3. How do we make out the unity underlying the diversity?
Answer
The unity underlying the diversity in India is evident in shared cultural practices, common historical experiences, and a collective identity. For instance, the widespread influence of epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata, common religious and philosophical ideas, and national symbols like the flag and anthem represent this unity. Additionally, the principle of mutual respect and coexistence further reinforces this unity.
Page No. 126
Let's Explore
→ As a class activity, make lists of (1) the birthplaces of at least 5 classmates and the birthplaces of their parents; (2) the students’ mother tongues and other languages known to them. Discuss the results in terms of diversity.
Answer
Raghav:
Birthplace: Mumbai, Maharashtra
Mother Tongue: Marathi
Other Languages: Hindi, English, Bengali
Mother's Birthplace: Kolkata, West Bengal
Father's Birthplace: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Naveen:
Birthplace: Bengaluru, Karnataka
Mother Tongue: Kannada
Other Languages: Telugu, Hindi, English
Mother's Birthplace: Hyderabad, Telangana
Father's Birthplace: Pune, Maharashtra
Tanya:
Birthplace: Delhi
Mother Tongue: Hindi
Other Languages: English, Punjabi
Mother's Birthplace: Jaipur, Rajasthan
Father's Birthplace: Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Deepak:
Birthplace: Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Mother Tongue: Gujarati
Other Languages: Malayalam, English, Hindi
Mother's Birthplace: Kochi, Kerala
Father's Birthplace: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Sonam:
Birthplace: Kolkata, West Bengal
Mother Tongue: Bengali
Other Languages: Assamese, Hindi, English
Mother's Birthplace: Guwahati, Assam
Father's Birthplace: Patna, Bihar
Discussion on Diversity:
- Regional Diversity: The birthplaces of classmates and their parents span various regions of India, from North (Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow) to South (Chennai, Kochi), East (Kolkata, Guwahati) to West (Mumbai, Ahmedabad), showcasing geographical diversity.
- Linguistic Diversity: The mother tongues and additional languages spoken reflect the multilingual nature of Indian society, with students knowing languages from different language families and regions.
- Cultural Integration: The mix of birthplaces and languages highlights how diverse cultural backgrounds coexist and integrate within a single classroom, promoting a rich cultural exchange and understanding.
- Unity in Diversity: Despite differences in regional and linguistic backgrounds, students share a common educational environment, participate in collective activities, and celebrate common festivals, demonstrating the unity that underlies the diversity.
This activity illustrates how diverse elements contribute to a cohesive social fabric, reflecting the broader concept of 'unity in diversity' in India.
Page No. 128
→ As a class activity, make a list of ingredients (grains, spices, etc.) that are used in your home.
Answer
In our homes, we commonly use a variety of grains, pulses, and spices that reflect the rich culinary traditions of India. Grains like rice, wheat, barley, bajra (pearl millet), jowar (sorghum), and ragi (finger millet) form the base of many meals. Pulses such as moong dal, chana dal, toor dal, urad dal, masoor dal, and rajma provide essential protein. Our spice cabinets are filled with turmeric, cumin, coriander, cardamom, cloves, black pepper, mustard seeds, and fenugreek seeds, which add flavor and health benefits to our dishes. Additionally, ingredients like rice flour, wheat flour, besan (gram flour), ghee, mustard oil, coconut oil, jaggery, and tamarind are staples in our kitchens.
→ Take any one vegetable and think of the number of different dishes you can prepare with it.
Answer
The potato is a versatile vegetable used in numerous dishes across Indian households. Aloo Paratha is a popular breakfast item made with spiced potato stuffing in flatbread. Aloo Gobi combines potatoes and cauliflower in a dry curry, while Aloo Matar pairs potatoes with peas in a tomato-based gravy. Aloo Tikki are spiced potato patties, often served with chutneys. Jeera Aloo features potatoes sautéed with cumin seeds and spices. Mashed Potatoes and French Fries are universal favorites. Potato Salad combines boiled potatoes with mayo and seasonings. Dum Aloo features baby potatoes in a rich yogurt gravy, and Aloo Pakora are deep-fried potato slices in gram flour batter.
Page No. 129
→ Explain how the example of the sari reflects both unity and diversity (in 100-150 words).
Answer
The sari shows both unity and diversity in Indian culture. It is a traditional dress worn by women all over India, going beyond regional and cultural differences. Even though the sari is just a single piece of cloth, it is worn in many different ways in various regions, like the Nivi style in Andhra Pradesh or the Bengali style in West Bengal. The sari also comes in different materials, such as silk, cotton, and synthetic fabrics, and is made using special weaving methods like Kanjivaram from Tamil Nadu and Banarasi from Uttar Pradesh. These differences show India's rich culture, while the sari itself connects people with a shared tradition that is valued across the country. The fact that it can be worn in many ways but still keeps its basic form shows how unity and diversity come together in India.
Page No. 130
→ In the above pictures, can you recognise what a sari has been used for?
Answer
In the pictures, a sari is used for various practical purposes beyond being worn as a garment.
Some examples include:
- Baby Carrier: A woman uses a sari to carry a baby securely on her back.
- Towel or Wrap: Another use is as a towel or wrap around the body.
- Temporary Shelter: Saris are also used to create a temporary shelter or shade from the sun.
- Tying Objects: It can be used to tie or bundle items together.
- Mats or Blankets: A sari is spread out on the ground as a mat or blanket for sitting or lying down.
→ Are you aware of, or can you imagine, more uses for the sari?
Answer
Apart from the uses shown in the pictures, saris can be used in several other ways:
- Curtains or Drapes: Saris can be hung as makeshift curtains or drapes.
- Tablecloths: They can be used as decorative tablecloths.
- Bags or Slings: Folded and tied creatively, saris can be fashioned into bags or slings.
- Wall Hangings: Saris with intricate designs can be used as decorative wall hangings.
- Picnic Blankets: They can serve as large picnic blankets for outdoor activities.
Page No. 131
→ Following the example of the sari, make a list of different styles you have seen for the dhoti — both as regards the fabric and the uses the dhoti can be put to. What conclusion can you draw?
Answer
The dhoti, like the sari, shows both unity and diversity in Indian culture. Although it is a common traditional garment for men across India, it is worn in different styles depending on the region.
- Panche Style: In Karnataka, the dhoti is pleated in the front and tucked at the back.
- Mundu Style: In Kerala, it is worn as a single piece with a matching cloth for the upper body.
- Bengali Style: This style involves elaborate pleats and a unique knotting technique.
- Tamil Style: In Tamil Nadu, it is worn tightly around the waist without pleats.
Uses of the Dhoti:
- Formal Wear: Worn during ceremonies and festivals.
- Casual Wear: Comfortable everyday clothing, especially in rural areas.
- Religious Wear: Worn by priests and devotees during rituals.
- Dance and Performances: Used as a costume in classical dance and cultural performances.
These different styles and uses show India’s cultural richness, while the dhoti itself represents a shared tradition that unites the country.
Page No. 132
→ What is your favourite festival and how is it celebrated in your region? Do you know whether it is celebrated in any other part of India, maybe under a different name?
Answer
My favourite festival is Diwali, celebrated with great enthusiasm in my region. People decorate their homes with lights and rangoli, perform Lakshmi puja, and burst fireworks. It's a time for family gatherings, exchanging sweets, and gifting. Diwali, known as the Festival of Lights, is widely celebrated across India, though it might be known by different names or have unique customs in various regions. For example, in West Bengal, it's celebrated as Kali Puja, focusing on the worship of Goddess Kali.
→ During October–November, many major festivals take place in India. Make a list of the few main ones and their various names in different parts of the country.
Answer
Major festivals in October-November:
- Diwali: Called Deepavali in South India and Kali Puja in West Bengal.
- Navratri/Dussehra: Known as Durga Puja in West Bengal and Odisha, and Vijayadashami in Karnataka and Maharashtra.
- Eid-ul-Fitr: Muslims across India celebrate with feasts and prayers.
- Bhai Dooj: Called Bhai Phonta in West Bengal and Bhau Beej in Maharashtra.
These festivals show the diversity and unity in India's cultural traditions.
Page No. 136
Questions, activities and projects
1. Conduct a class discussion on the two quotations at the start of the chapter.
Answer
Quotation 1:
"Oh, grant me my prayer, that I may never lose the bliss of the touch of the one in the play of the many." - Rabindranath Tagore
Discussion Points: This quotation highlights the idea of finding unity and divinity in the diverse experiences and interactions in life. Discuss how embracing diversity can lead to a deeper sense of connection and harmony.
Quotation 2:
"The principle of unity in diversity which has always been normal to [India] and its fulfillment the fundamental course of her being and its very nature, the Many in the One, would place her on the sure foundation of her Swabhava and Swadharma." - Sri Aurobindo
Discussion Points: This quotation emphasizes that India's strength lies in its ability to maintain unity amidst vast diversity, grounded in its inherent nature and duty. Discuss how this principle applies to contemporary India and its societal dynamics.
2. Read the National Anthem and its translation in the preliminary pages of this textbook. Where do you see the diversity? And where the unity? Write two or three paragraphs on this.
Answer
Diversity in the National Anthem: The National Anthem, "Jana Gana Mana," mentions various regions, rivers, and cultural elements of India, highlighting the vast geographical and cultural diversity. It reflects the different languages, traditions, and landscapes that make up the country.
Unity in the National Anthem: Despite this diversity, the anthem unites all these elements into a single narrative of national pride and identity. It calls upon the collective spirit of the nation, symbolizing unity and patriotism. The anthem's universal appeal binds people across diverse backgrounds, fostering a sense of belonging and shared heritage.
Paragraphs: The National Anthem beautifully captures the essence of India's diversity by mentioning its various states, rivers, and cultural landmarks. Each line of "Jana Gana Mana" celebrates the unique characteristics of different regions, showcasing the richness of India's cultural tapestry. This diversity is evident in the diverse languages spoken, festivals celebrated, and customs followed across the country.
However, the anthem also emphasizes unity by bringing together these diverse elements into a harmonious whole. The lyrics evoke a sense of collective pride and identity, reminding us that despite our differences, we are all part of one nation. The anthem's melody and words inspire a sense of patriotism and solidarity, highlighting that our strength lies in our unity amidst diversity.
3. Select a few stories from the Pañchatantra and discuss how their message is still valid today. Do you know of any similar stories from your region?
Answer
Story 1: The Monkey and the Crocodile
Message: Trust and betrayal. Even today, this story teaches the importance of being cautious about whom we trust and the consequences Of deceit.
Story 2: The Tortoise and the Geese
Message: The value of silence and the dangers of unnecessary talk. This is relevant in the modern context where discretion is often a virtue.
Similar Stories: In my region, there is a story of a clever rabbit outwitting a lion, similar to the Pañchatantra tales of wit and intelligence. These stories teach moral lessons that are applicable across time and cultures.
4. Collect a few folk tales from your region and discuss their message.
Answer
Folk Tale 1: The Legend of King Bhoja and the Vetala
Message: Wisdom and cleverness are important in solving problems. The story highlights the importance of intelligence and quick thinking.
Folk Tale 2: The Story of the Charitable Banyan Tree
Message: Generosity and selflessness. This tale teaches the value of being kind and helping others without expecting anything in return.
Discussion Points: These folk tales often carry moral lessons that are timeless, emphasizing virtues like wisdom, generosity, and courage, which are still relevant today.
5. Is there any ancient story that you have seen being depicted through a form of art? It could be a sculpture, a painting, a dance performance, a movie … Discuss with your classmates.
Answer
Ancient Stories Depicted Through Art: The Mahabharata depicted in the form Of traditional dance performances like Kathakali or Bharatanatyam. These art forms narrate epic stories through expressive movements and music, with cultural heritage.
Discussion Points: Discuss the impact of such art forms in keeping ancient stories alive and relevant. How do these performances contribute to cultural education?
6. Discuss in class the following quotation by India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, when he travelled to many parts of India before Independence:
“Everywhere I found a cultural background which had exerted a powerful influence on their lives. … The old epics of India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata and other books, in popular translations and paraphrases, were widely known among the masses, and every incident and story and moral in them was engraved on the popular mind and gave a richness and content to it. Illiterate villagers would know hundreds of verses by heart and their conversation would be full of references to them or to some story with a moral, enshrined in some old classic.”
Answer
Jawaharlal Nehru's observation highlights the deep cultural impact of India's epics and classical literature on its people. Even in pre-Independence India, the stories and morals from the Ramayana and Mahabharata were deeply ingrained in the collective consciousness of the masses. This cultural heritage provided a rich tapestry of values and lessons that shaped everyday life and conversations, illustrating the profound influence of these epics on Indian society.